M24 NAVIGATION ANSWERS –UNDER CONSTRUCTION

EXERCISE NO. 1 CHART SYMBOLS

1 Draw Chart symbols for the following:-

(a) Steep Coastline (b) Disused submarine pipeline

(e) Sand dunes (f) Triangulation point

(g) South cardinal buoy (h) Dangerous wreck

(i) Direction of buoyage (j) A flood tide of 1.5 knots

(k) Eddies, tide rips and overfalls (l) A submarine power cable

(m) A rock awash at chart datum (n) A isolated danger beacon

2 Draw chart symbols for the following

(a) Shore breakers (b) Designated anchorage B

(e) An oil pipeline (f) An airfield

(g) A quarantine anchorage (h) Starboard special purpose buoy

(i) Hillocks transponder beacon (j) X band radar (racon), morse R

(k) Underwater rock with (l) Reef which covers and uncovers less than 2 metres of water over it.

3 Explain the following

(a) Sh (b) MHWS

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(e) (Oc) (f) PA

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(g) WRG (h) Dr

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(i) IQ (j) Oc(2)6s10M

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(k) Iso.Bu.10s (l) Rep

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(m) LAT (n) Pk

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(o) fS (p) soM

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(q) bkSh (r) Wd

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4 What does AUS 811 in the upper right box marked on the chart signify?

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5 How can you find out whether a chart has been corrected up to date?

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6 How might soundings from an older survey be recognised on a chart?

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7 What are the problems associated with using a gently sloping coastline when observing ranges and bearings?

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8 Define Latitude and Longitude

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9 Name 2 ways of giving your position on the earth’s surface.

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10 How are bearings and courses depicted on a Mercator Chart?

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11 How do you measure distance on a Mercator Chart?

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12 What are contained in the Admiralty Notices to Mariners?

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13 Describe what is usually included under the Title or Legend of a Chart?

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14 What should you check when using a coastal chart?

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15 How should you keep a ship’s log and what entries for navigation should be entered?

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17 When navigating close inshore, what should you watch out for?

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EXERCISE NO. 2 COMPASS ERROR

1 From a Compass Rose you read:

Mag. Var. 12°35E (1994), Increasing about 1’ annually.

What is the variation for 2008?

T	V	M	D	C	Error

2 True Course 280°, Variation 11°E.

What is the Compass Course?

T	V	M	D	C	Error

3 Compass Course is 150°, Variation 12°E.

What is the True Course?

T	V	M	D	C	Error

4 Steering 030°(C), Tacking Point bears 278°(C)

Variation 12°W. What is the True Bearing of Box Head?

T	V	M	D	C	Error

5 Steering 260°(C), North Head bears 032° Relative.

What is the True Bearing of North Head? Variation 10°E.

T	V	M	D	C	Error

6 On the chart you read: “Leading Lights 294°00’”

You enter port with these leads in line and right ahead, steering 311°(C)

Variation is W°E., What is the Deviation?

T	V	M	D	C	Error

7 From a compass rose you read:

Mag.Var. 7°45’E (1972), Increasing about 4’ annually.

What variation would you use today?

T	V	M	D	C	Error

8 True course is 172°, variation 12°W.

What is the compass course?

T	V	M	D	C	Error

9 Compass course is 265°, variation 9°E.

What is the true course?

T	V	M	D	C	Error

10 When steering 070°(C), Crowdy Light is bearing 220°(C).

Variation is 11°E.

What is the true bearing of Crowdy Light?

T	V	M	D	C	Error

11 You are steering 290°(C) with Crowdy Light abeam to port.

Variation is 11°E.

What is the true bearing Crowdy Light?

T	V	M	D	C	Error

12 On a chart you read “Lights in Line 074°“.

By your compass the bearing of the lights when they are in transit is 067°. Variation is 12°E. What is the deviation?

T	V	M	D	C	Error

EXERCISE NO. 3 TIDE

1. What are the times and heights of high and low waters at Port Macquarie on

November 22nd 2008?

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2. What are the times and heights of afternoon high and low water at Coffs Harbour on

June 3rd 2008?

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3. What are the times and heights of high waters at Camden Haven on

September 12th 2008?

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4. What is the earliest time and height of high water at Newcastle on

April 3rd 2008?

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Secondary Ports. (Use the secondary ports form)

5 You require to find the times and heights of high and low water at Brisbane Island for the 10th July 2008.

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6 You require to find the times and heights of high and low water at Hobart for 21st January 2008.

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7. You require to find the times and heights of high and low water at Adele Island for the morning of the 10th March 2008

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8 You require an under keel clearance of 0.5 metre and your draught is 2.25 metres. What height of tide is required to safely clear a charted sand bar which dries 1.2 metres.

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9 You require an underwater clearance of 0.7 metres. The tidal height is 3.2 metres. What is the maximum draft you may have to clear a bar which dries to 1.1 metres.

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10 The tidal height is 4.8 metres and your draught is 2.1 metres. If you require a minimum under water clearance of 0.8 metre, what is the maximum drying height you can safely steam across?

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EXERCISE NO. 4 ELECTRONIC AIDS

1 Why are Radar ranges preferred to Radar bearings?

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2 How would you recognise a Racon on a Radar Screen?

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3 What effect can the tide have on different types of coast line in relation to taking ranges from the RADAR?

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4 What should be taken into account when comparing chart soundings with those shown on the echo sounder?

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5 Is a D.O.P. value 8, a good or bad satellite arrangement?

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6 Describe the following errors associated with the G.P.S.

a. Dilution of Precision

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b. Environmental Errors

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c. Spheroidal Errors

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8 Where can corrections to Satellite-Derived Positions be found?

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9 Explain 5 capabilities plotters can be used for in navigation.

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10 What errors should you be aware of when using a plotter?

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11 What is Waypoint Navigation?

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12 When working with electronic aids to navigation, it is suggested a written log book be kept.

Design a log book sheet to cover the aids in a present / or last vessel.

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EXERCISE NO. 4 PASSAGE PLANNING__________ CHART AUS197

Using the passage planner provided, compile the necessary pilotage information complete the chart work to safely navigate from Crowdy Harbour to Port Macquarie on 04/03/08. This plan may be used with Motorboat Simulator and the Australian Scenery Package, Sydney Coastal.

YOUR VESSEL

Choose one of the vessels described below for your plan:

‘Hercules’

Single 8/71 GM 300 Kw’s each

Cruise speed 9 knots

Max. Tow speed 8 knots

Fuel Consumption 50 ltrs /hr at Cruise

Max. speed 10 knots

Draft 2.1 meters

Lowrance GPS, Furuno radar,

steering compass,

hand bearing compass, sextant

MF/HF, VHF and 27Mhz radios.

‘Rescue Sim’

Twin Yanmars producing 250 Kw’s each

Cruise speed 20 knots

Top speed 26 knots

Fuel Consumption 19 ltrs /hr at Cruise

Draft 1.0 meters

Lowrance GPS, Furuno radar,

steering compass,

hand bearing compass, sextant

MF/HF, VHF and 27Mhz radios.

PILOTAGE INFORMATION

Conditions on 04/03/08 are:

Tidal predictions

Current 165° 1.5 kts

Weather SE 15 -18kts, 1 mtr seas, 1 mtr S swell, fair, barometer steady.

Deviation card

CONTINGENCY PLANNING

Include contingencies for:

Identifying coastal features of use to confirm the accuracy of your deviation card.

A safe distance off charted dangers by VSA.

A clearance bearing.

Preparation for a doubling of the angle off the bow.

A running fix from an isolated coastal feature.

A safe haven is the case of deteriorating weather conditions.

DEVIATION CARD 2 COASTAL NAVIGATION

Magnetic Heading

Deviation

Ships Head By Compass

356°

4°W

000°

015°

5°W

020°

034°

6°W

040°

056°

4°W

060°

078°

2°W

080°

099°

1°W

100°

121°

1°E

120°

143°

3°E

140°

164°

4°E

160°

186°

6°E

180°

208°

8°E

200°

230°

10°E

220°

248°

8°E

240°

266°

6°E

260°

283°

3°E

280°

301°

1°E

300°

319°

1°W

320°

338°

2°W

340°

356°

4°W

360°

Study example only - Not for navigation